The Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs

Current Issue

November 2024, Volume 43, Issue 7

The November 2024 issue (43:7) features a commentary on re-examining mandatory drug testing in Australian prisons.

Research from Australia covered a wide range of topics, including: police-issued barring notices in Western Australia; the prevalence and magnitude of price promotions in online alcohol retail outlets; tobacco retail availability and smoking; E-cigarette use in pregnancy; enhancing the SUSTAINable uptake of evidence to minimise harms from alcohol and other drugs in New South Wales; client and stakeholder perceptions of a novel, nurse practitioner-led alcohol and other drug ambulatory withdrawal service; understanding cultural inclusion in alcohol and other drug services in New South Wales and assessing the acceptability of a cultural inclusion audit; screening and early intervention for substance use during pregnancy; clinical effectiveness of pharmacist administration of long-acting injectable buprenorphine; changes in Australians' attitudes towards supervised injecting facilities; perceived barriers to help-seeking for people who use crystal methamphetamine; substance use among trans and gender diverse young people; women's challenges in anabolic steroid acquisition and the place of drug checking interventions; the health effects of non-prescribed anabolic–androgenic steroid use; situating the risks of insulin within the image and performance enhancing drug community; patterns of substance use recovery following residential treatment; stigma by association among alcohol and other drug and harm reduction workers: Implications for workplace outcomes; clinical profiles of people enrolling in alcohol and other drug treatment; novel harm reduction measures at music festivals in Australia; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on calls to an alcohol and drug helpline in Victoria for alcohol, methamphetamine and cannabis use concerns; and emergence of deaths due to nitazene toxicity in Australia.

One paper from New Zealand had a qualitative analysis on young people's experiences of addiction to nicotine vaping products.

Internation research focused on: how agent-based modelling can provide new insights into the impact of minimum unit pricing in Scotland; trends in alcohol-attributable morbidity and mortality in Germany; characteristics of consumers of alcohol-free and low-alcohol drinks in Great Britain; the societal value of health lost to alcohol use in India compared to excise taxes on alcohol sales; reasons pregnant people use cannabis to self-treat health conditions during pregnancy; geographic clustering of cannabis stores in Canadian cities; whether the THC concentration predict the number of patients with cannabis-related diagnoses; whether maternal education moderates the relationship between adolescent cannabis use and mental health in early adulthood; characterising individuals with a substance use disorder accessing hospital-based addiction care; assessment of treatment retention rates and predictors of retention on opioid agonist treatment among adolescents; healthcare utilisation and associated costs for methadone versus buprenorphine recipients; relationship between patient activation and utilisation of health care and harm reduction services among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland; preferences for field-based post-overdose interventions; the associations of supervised consumption services with the rates of opioid-related mortality and morbidity outcomes at the public health unit level in Ontario (Canada); characterising methamphetamine/amphetamine use among opioid agonist therapy-seeking adults with prescription-type opioid use disorder in Canada; mapping a psychosocial syndemic among methamphetamine-using sexual minority men living with HIV; associations between US male sex workers' internet advertising characteristics and advertising chemsex to prospective clients; an empirically based typology of temporary alcohol abstinence challenge participants using latent class analysis; psychometric evaluation of the Dutch version of the patient-reported experience measure for addiction treatment (PREMAT-NL); examination of drinking as a mediator of the relationship between alcohol-related social media content and adherence to COVID-19 recommendations among college students; determinants of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in Montreal, Canada; and trends in substance use disorder mortality in the United States and worldwide.

 

 

Virtual Issues

FASD Awareness Month

Cannabis legalisation and its impact on access, use and public perceptions

Music Festival Context as a Site for Alcohol/Drug UseMusic Festival Context as a Site for Alcohol/Drug Use

 

 

 

 

 

Follow Drug and Alcohol Review on Twitter

 

What's new on Early View?

The latest COVID-19 research is available online.

Editorial

A chance for countries to support Ireland's world-leading cancer warning labels for alcohol containers
Paula O'Brien, Deborah Gleeson, Emmanuel Kuntsche, Robin Room
18 November 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13977

 

Comprehensive Review

Home-based detoxification for individuals with alcohol or drug dependence: A systematic review of the recent literature
Eva Rens, Anna Ceelen, Nicolaas Martens, Lynn Van Camp, Marianne Destoop
12 December 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13986

 

Review

Associations of parenting styles with substance use in the offspring—A systematic review and meta-analysis
Martin Pinquart, Jana Lauk
13 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13961

 

Original Papers

Consumer reactions to multiple and single health warnings on static alcohol ads: A factorial survey experiment with a convenience sample of adults in Ireland
Vania Filipova, Daire Hooper, Patrick Kenny
12 December 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13990

Changes in socio-economic inequality in alcohol-attributable mortality in periods of increasing and decreasing alcohol affordability
Pia Mäkelä, Elsi Lindell
12 December 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13989

Is there a link between per capita alcohol consumption and cancer mortality?
Iman Dadgar, Thor Norström, Mats Ramstedt
12 December 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13984

Alcohol consumption and mortality among Canadian drinkers: A national population-based survival analysis (2000–2017)
James M. Clay, Russell C. Callaghan, Adam Sherk, Timothy S. Naimi, Tim Stockwell, Mark Asbridge
12 December 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13993

Alcohol-related injury hospitalisations in relation to alcohol policy changes, Northern Territory, Australia, 2007–2022: A joinpoint regression analysis
Jerry L. J. Chen, Xiaohua Zhang, Anthony D. K. Draper, Guddu Kaur, Emma Field, John Boffa, Leanne M. Liddle, Paul Burgess, Alyson Wright
10 December 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13976

What hepatology clinicians and their patients with alcohol-related liver disease think of wearable alcohol biosensors to aid abstinence from alcohol: A qualitative study
Andrea DiMartini, Jaideep Behari, Jon Punzi, Michael Dunn, Ramon A. Bataller, John M. Jakicic, Mary McNulty, Ryan C. Young, Mary Amanda Dew
9 December 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13978

Education-based differences in alcohol health literacy in Germany
Carolin Kilian, Moritz Liebig, Jakob Manthey
3 December 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13985

More pubs—More problems? A longitudinal analysis of Swedish panel data
Thor Norström, Tony Nilsson, Johan Svensson
2 December 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13981

Impact of ‘street’ benzodiazepines on drug-related deaths in England, Wales and Northern Ireland
Kirsten L. Rock, Anca Frinculescu, Trevor Shine, Nicola J. Kalk, Caroline S. Copeland
28 November 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13979

The impact of an integrated alcohol policy: The example of Lithuania
Jürgen Rehm, Shannon Lange, Laura Miščikienė, Huan Jiang
25 November 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13980

Hazardous drinking by age at migration and duration of residence among migrants in Sweden
Lisa Berg, Sol P. Juárez, Helena Honkaniemi, Mikael Rostila, Andrea Dunlavy
25 November 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13982

Drinking practices: The variation of drinking events across intersections of sex, age and household income
Petra S. Meier, John Holmes, Abigail Stevely, Jennifer E. Boyd, Monica Hernández Alava, Iain Hardie, Alan Warde, Alessandro Sasso
13 November 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13975

Australian psychologists' attitudes towards psychedelic-assisted therapy and training following a world-first drug down-scheduling
Jordan J. Negrine, Cheneal Puljević, Jason Ferris, Paul Liknaitzky, Christopher Perlman, Timothy Piatkowski
5 November 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13973

New immersive alcohol marketing and commerce in metaverse environments
Taisia Huckle, Kristen Mummert, Antonia Lyons, Tim McCreanor, Georgia McLellan, Helen Moewaka Barnes
4 November 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13967

University-based academic programs in addiction studies in the regions of Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand: An overview
Amalie Lososová, Peter Adams, Michal Miovský
3 November 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13970

Public and professional stakeholders’ perceptions of alcohol advertising and availability policies: A qualitative study
Elena D. Dimova, Niamh K. Shortt, Matt Smith, Richard J. Mitchell, Peter Lekkas, Jamie R. Pearce, Tom L. Clemens, Carol Emslie
28 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13972

A netnographic study of anabolic-androgenic steroid initiation videos on YouTube
Matthew J. Gill, Timothy Piatkowski, Matthew Dunn
27 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13969

Acceptability and quality of the ‘Grog Survey App’ brief intervention: Helping Aboriginal Australians reflect on their drinking using a digital health tool
KS Kylie Lee, James H. Conigrave, Elizabeth Dale, Katherine M. Conigrave, Monika Dzidowska, Taleah Reynolds, Scott Wilson, Jimmy Perry, Danielle Manton, Alex Lee, Noel Hayman, Catherine Zheng, Michelle Fitts, Dan Wilson, Angela Dawson
24 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13964

New South Wales alcohol and other drug service providers' perceptions of the relative importance of client variables for determining treatment need
Briony Larance, Isabella Ingram, Chloe Haynes, Lexi Buckfield, Choon Wee Melvin Goh, Peter J. Kelly
21 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13952

Consuming ‘God Juice’: Using ‘ethnopharmacological-connoisseurship’ to situate trenbolone use and knowledge among image and performance enhancing drug communities
Timothy Piatkowski, Nick Gibbs, David Neumann, Matthew Dunn
21 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13965

Examining the association between psychological resilience and chronic versus discrete stressors among individuals who use opioids in Baltimore, Maryland
Laura Nicole Sisson, Catherine Tomko, Saba Rouhani, Susan G. Sherman
17 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13959

The impact of Scotland's minimum unit pricing for alcohol policy on people accessing services for alcohol dependence: A difference-in-difference structured interview study
Penny Buykx, Andy Perkins, Jane Hughes, Wulf Livingston, Jennifer Boyd, Parvati Perman-Howe, Allan Johnston, Trevor McCarthy, Alex McLean, Alex Wright, Simon Little, John Holmes
16 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13960

Routine outcome monitoring and feedback in alcohol and other drug treatment: A qualitative study of client perspectives on implementation
Nina Pocuca, Calvert Tisdale, Gabrielle Campbell, Alison K. Beck, Rhiannon Ellem, Catherine A. Quinn, Peter J. Kelly, Briony Larance, Amanda L. Baker, Jason P. Connor, John Marsden, Gary C. K. Chan, Luke Connelly, Sabrina Lenzen, Michael Farrell, Leanne Hides
14 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13962

Integration of a facilitated access pathway for contraception into alcohol and other drug treatment services: A cohort study comparing metropolitan and regional settings
Kelly A. McNamara, Bridin Murnion, Nicholas Lintzeris, Vicki Chase, Emma Black, Annie Malcolm, Lucy Harvey Dodds, Natasha Nassar, Kirsten I. Black
8 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13957

The differential effects of parent-targeted alcohol harm-reduction campaigns with varying executional styles
Leon Booth, Tahnee McCausland, James Stevens-Cutler, Keira Bury, Julia Stafford, Simone Pettigrew
7 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13958

Provider costs of treating opioid dependence with extended-release buprenorphine in Australia
Stella Settumba, Jeyran Shahbazi, Marianne Byrne, Louisa Degenhardt, Jason Grebely, Briony Larance, Suzanne Nielsen, Nicholas Lintzeris, Robert Ali, Craig Rodgers, Alison Blazey, Robert Weiss, Adrian Dunlop, Michael McDonough, Jon Cook, Michael Farrell
6 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13956

Vaping to quit smoking: Qualitative study of people receiving opioid agonist treatment
Kypros Kypri, Emma Austin, Melissa Jackson, Kirsten Wright, Amanda Shui, Andrew Li, Vinogi Sathasivam, Billie Bonevski, Adrian J. Dunlop
4 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13953

Prevalence of stimulant use and the role of opioid agonist treatment among people who inject drugs in France: Results from the COSINUS cohort study
Perrine Roux, Aissatou Faye, Luis Sagaon-Teyssier, Cécile Donadille, Laélia Briand Madrid, Maria Patrizia Carrieri, Gwenaelle Maradan, Marie Jauffret-Roustide, Laurence Lalanne, Marc Auriacombe, the COSINUS study group
1 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13955

The extent and diversity of harm from the drinking of unknown others in Australia: An analysis of data from during the COVID-19 pandemic
Bree Willoughby, Robin Room, Heng Jiang, Sandra Kuntsche, Dan Anderson-Luxford, Anne-Marie Laslett
1 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13951

Representations of ‘risky’ drinking during pregnancy on Mumsnet: A discourse analysis
Lisa Schölin, Rachel Arkell
19 September 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13948

The acceptability of alcohol screening and brief intervention for older adults in community venues
Jennifer Seddon, Beth Bareham, Eileen Kaner, Barbara Hanratty, Sarah Wadd
16 September 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13949

Utilising paired measurements of phosphatidylethanol to monitor early success in alcohol abstinence
Daniel White, Sam Salman, David A. Joyce
16 September 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13947

Characteristics of drug-related deaths where individuals are found submerged in a bath or hot tub in the United Kingdom, 1997–2023
Emmert Roberts, Caroline Copeland, Shane Darke, Michael Farrell
10 September 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13950

Changes in the rates and characteristics of gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-related death in Australia, 2001–2023
Shane Darke, Johan Duflou, Agata Chrzanowska, Michael Farrell, Julia Lappin, Amy Peacock
5 September 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13940

Assessing the impact of stricter drink driving policy on alcohol consumption in a population of Hanoi, Vietnam using wastewater analysis
Thanh X. Bui, Hieu K. T. Ngo, Giang T. Vu, Qiuda Zheng, Dat M. Nguyen, Tran Thi Thanh Hue, Vu Ngan Binh, Nguyen Thi Kieu Anh, Phong K. Thai
23 August 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13929

 

Brief Report

Childhood traumatic experiences and vaping among Australian adolescents: A prospective investigation
Amy-Leigh Rowe, Siobhan M. O'Dean, Katrina E. Champion, Emma L. Barrett, Lucinda Grummitt, Katherine L. Mills, Maree Teesson, Nicola C. Newton, Lauren A. Gardner
11 November 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13974

 

Case Report

A case of severe and prolonged γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) withdrawal syndrome successfully managed with a slow benzodiazepine and baclofen taper
Rachit Gupta, Greta Moon, Yvonne Bonomo, Adam Pastor
17 July 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13911

 

Commentaries

How can the benefits of dietetic care be integrated into the treatment of patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal?
Cameron McLean, Linda Tapsell, Sara Grafenauer, Anne-Therese McMahon
13 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13963

Australia needs to better regulate alcohol marketing in films
Emmanuel Kuntsche, Paula O'Brien, Dan Anderson-Luxford, Maree Patsouras, Benjamin C. Riordan
3 September 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13938

Co-creating and implementing a novel pre-conference event to promote equity and inclusivity among academic researchers and people who use drugs
M. J. Stowe, Louise Hansford, Rachel Halford, Jason Wallace, Lise Lafferty
27 May 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13882

 

Letter to the Editor

Integrating youth-specific services in substance use disorder treatment: Insights from Taiwan
Hsin-Hung Chen, Lien-Chung Wei
30 September 2024 | DOI: htps://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13954

 

Obituary

Dr James Rankin, a man ahead of his time
Margaret Hamilton, Alex Wodak
30 October 2024 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.13966

 

Call for Papers

Wiley AI CFP

This Special Section aims to bring together contributions that leverage the latest advancement in AI to solve substance use and addiction-related problems (including gambling and other behavioural addictions). We prefer studies that build upon deep neural networks, the algorithms that underly all the recent breakthroughs in AI (such as most modern generative AI models including ChatGPT and DALL-E), but we would also consider studies that are based on traditional machine learning methods such as random forest.

If you have any queries about this Special Section, please contact the This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

Click here for more information.
 

 
Wiley NoLos CFP

This Special Section aims to bring together key emerging evidence on NoLos within and across research groups globally. Specifically, we welcome papers with empirical data from any country/region on:

  • Data that characterises the emergence of NoLo products, product availability and accessibility, and market characteristics;
  • Data reporting/analysing the marketing and advertising of NoLos [e.g., analysing strategies used by industries (alcohol and others) to promote the consumption of NoLos, studies on how NoLo marketing impacts use outcomes];
  • Attitudes and action of teenagers below the legal drinking age and of teenagers’ parents concerning underage teenagers’ consumption of NoLo beverages with alcohol brands and packaging,
  • Data reporting and exploring patterns of purchase and consumption and links with social, commercial and political determinants of health (tactics used by for-profit industries), and the drivers of purchase and consumption among particular population groups (young people, people who are pregnant; abstainers/people seeking to reduce their ethanol intake) with implications for harm/benefit and policy.

If you have any queries about this Special Section, please contact the This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

Click here for more information.
 

Drug and Alcohol Review - Clinician's Corner

DAR Front Cover

How can the benefits of dietetic care be integrated into the treatment of patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal?

   

 

 

The relationship between excess alcohol consumption and nutritional status is complex. This includes alcohol’s contribution to weight gain [1], replacing other nutrient dense foods in the diet and contributing to malabsorption that can ultimately lead to malnutrition and nutritional deficiency [2]. It is also important to consider other social and environmental factors that may influence alcohol consumption and ultimately influence health and nutrition outcomes [3]. These may include living situations, support from significant others, and access or storage of safe food (food security). The benefits of considering how dietetic care can be integrated into the treatment of patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal has recently been published as a commentary in Drug and Alcohol Review [4].

In our commentary [4] we note that the dietitians’ role certainly has been previously noted as being pivotal in addiction treatment [5, 6], but there is limited clarity of the role of dietitians’ specifically when considering providing nutrition care to patients hospitalised for alcohol withdrawal. Admission to hospital can last 2-5 days and influence the extent of nutritional intervention [7]. In shorter admissions, the focus may focus on identification and treatment of malnutrition and refeeding syndrome while also discussing how approaches to food and nutrition can contribute to harm minimisation. A conversation around food and nutrition may be a non-confrontational way to expose nutrition-related information about the patient’s living situation (e.g. do they have food storage such as a refrigerator or can they afford to go to the shops or prepare meals). This information may trigger referrals and discussions with wider team members (if available) that may help address social or environmental factors that influence nutritional outcomes (e.g. referral to the social worker regarding access to food or providing recommendations on micronutrient or electrolyte supplementation).

For longer hospital admissions or in residential rehabilitation settings the dietitian may have an extended role regarding nutrition interventions. When acute clinical concerns have been resolved this role may involve education emerging from  nutrition assessment. It also provides the opportunity to discuss practical issues and advice regarding budgeting, shopping and meal preparation with limited resources [6]. In circumstances where resources allow, the dietitian may integrate their intervention through interactions with other health care professionals. For example, meal preparation and cooking issues may extend beyond nutrition and involve other healthcare professionals, such as occupational therapists, with evaluations of cognitive and physical function [8]. The integration of dietitians into local alcohol and other drug teams may extend dietitians the opportunity to more comprehensively address nutritional care.

In some instances, dietitian capabilities may influence the implementation of nutrition interventions. This may be exacerbated by stigmatised views of this patient group that may further influence their approach to care and therefore outcomes [9]. A strengths-based approach to individualised person-centred care may assist health professionals understand behaviours and care needs of complex and vulnerable patient groups [10]. Dietitians new to working with patients with alcohol and/or other drug problems should consider undertaking further training that promotes understanding, skill development and problem solving [11]. While there are many learning and development opportunities available to challenge stigma, dietitians might firstly reach out to their local alcohol and other drug and/or mental health care teams who may be able to provide further support and direction.

Our commentary highlights how the benefits of dietetic care can be successfully integrated into the treatment of alcohol withdrawal to contribute to improved nutrition and health outcomes. This may be best supported through the development of local guidelines and integrating dietitians into local alcohol and other drug teams.

 

Cameron McLean1,2, Linda Tapsell1, Sara Grafenauer3, Anne-Therese McMahon2

1 Nutrition and Dietetics Department, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

2 School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.

3 School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

 

Full paper is available Open Access:

McLean C, Tapsell L, Grafenauer S, McMahon AT. How can the benefits of dietetic care be integrated into the treatment of patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal?. Drug Alcohol Rev. Published online 13 October 2024. doi:10.1111/dar.13963

 

References

  1. Traversy G, Chaput JP. Alcohol consumption and obesity: An update. Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4:122-30.
  2. Lieber CS. Alcohol: its metabolism and interaction with nutrients. Annu Rev Nutr. 2000;20: 395-430.
  3. Sudhinaraset M, Wigglesworth C, Takeuchi DT. Social and cultural contexts of alcohol use: Influences in a social-ecological framework. Alcohol Res. 2016;38: 35-45.
  4. McLean C, Tapsell L, Grafenauer S, McMahon AT. How can the benefits of dietetic care be integrated into the treatment of patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal? Drug Alcohol Rev. 2024 [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.1111/dar.13963
  5. Nutrition Care Professionals. Role of the Dietitian in Alcohol Addiction. 2024; Available from: https://www.nutritioncarepro.com/role-of-dietitian-in-alcohol-addition#. [Accessed 15 November 2024]
  6. Wiss DA, Schellenberger M, Prelip ML. Registered dietitian nutritionists in substance use disorder treatment centers. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018;118:2217-2221.
  7. Kattimani S, Bharadwaj B. Clinical management of alcohol withdrawal: A systematic review. Ind Psychiatry J. 2013;22:100-8.
  8. Farmer N, Touchton-Leonard K, Ross A. Psychosocial benefits of cooking interventions: A systematic review. Health Educ Behav. 2018;45:167-180.
  9. Bielenberg J, Swisher G, Lembke A, Haug NA. A systematic review of stigma interventions for providers who treat patients with substance use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2021;131:108486.
  10. Macaulay S, Grinzi P, Slota-Kan S. Engaging patients who use alcohol and other drugs: A practical approach. Aust J Gen Pract. 2023;52:115-21.
  11. Nyblade L, Stockton MA, Giger K, Bond V, Ekstrand ML, McLean R et al. Stigma in health facilities: why it matters and how we can change it. BMC Med. 2019;17: 25.